Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik

Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten

Indikatoren in dieser Dimension analysieren, inwieweit Migrantinnen und Migranten hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu grundlegenden sozialen Diensten wie Gesundheit, Bildung und soziale Sicherheit den gleichen Status wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben. Es beschreibt die Rechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf Familienzusammenführung, Arbeit, Aufenthalt und Staatsbürgerschaft. Die Ratifizierung der wichtigsten internationalen Konventionen fällt ebenfalls in diesen Bereich.main.

Ganzer Regierungsansatz

Indikatoren in dieser Dimension bewerten die institutionellen, rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der Länder im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik. Dimension 2 beinhaltet auch das Vorhandensein von nationalen Migrationsstrategien, die mit Entwicklungspolitik und -ansätzen im Einklang stehen, sowie die institutionelle Transparenz und Kohärenz in Bezug auf Migrationsmanagement. In diesem Bereich wird auch untersucht, inwieweit Regierungen Migrationsdaten erheben und verwenden.

Partnerschaften

Diese Dimension konzentriert sich auf die Bemühungen von Ländern, in migrationsbezogenen Fragen mit anderen Staaten und einschlägigen nichstaatlichen Akteuren, einschließlich Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft und des Privatsektors, zusammenzuarbeiten. Kooperation kann zu Verbesserungen der Regierungsführung führen, indem Standards angeglichen und angehoben, der Dialog intensiviert und Strukturen der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen geschaffen werden.

Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten

Diese Dimension umfasst Indikatoren für die Politik der Länder zur Steuerung des sozioökonomischen Wohlergehens von Migrantinnen und Migranten, z.B. die Anerkennung der Bildungs- und Berufsqualifikationen von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Bestimmungen zur Regelung der Studentenmigration und das Bestehen bilateraler Arbeitsabkommen zwischen Ländern. Die Indikatoren konzentrieren sich gleichermaßen auf Maßnahmen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit dem Engagement der Diasporamitglieder und den grenzüberschreitenden Geldtransfers von Migrantinnen und Migranten

Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen

Diese Dimension befasst sich mit der Art und dem Grad der Bereitschaft von Ländern, wenn sie mit Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen konfrontiert sind, die entweder mit Katastrophen, der Umwelt und/oder Konflikten zusammenhängen. Die Fragen werden verwendet, um die Prozesse für Staatsangehörige und Ausländer sowohl während als auch Katastrophen zu ermitteln, einschließlich der Frage, ob humanitäre Hilfe für Migrantinnen und Migranten genauso verfügbar ist wir für Bürgerinnen und Bürger.

Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration

Diese Dimension analysiert den Ansatz der Länder zum Migrationsmanagement bezüglich Grenzkontroll- und Grenzschutzmaßnahmen, Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für Migranten, Vorbereitung und Flexibilität bei erheblichen und unerwarteten Wanderungsbewegungen sowie die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels und des Menschenschmuggels von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Es werden auch die Bemühungen und Anreize zur Unterstützung der Integration der zurückkehrenden Staatsbürgerinnen und -burger bewertet.

Key findings

Introduction

This country profile describes the well-governed areas of Tuvalu’s migration governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated by the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.

Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.

The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with the support of the Economist Intelligence Unit. Funding is provided by IOM’s Member States.

Key findings

MIGRANTS' RIGHTS

Migration Governance: Examples of well-developed areas:

Immigrants have access to primary and secondary education, as education is compulsory for all children aged 7–15 years in the country and is paid for by the Government in most cases.
Family reunification permits are available to all migrants according to the Immigration Regulations of 2014.
Tuvalu offers a path to citizenship to all immigrants.

Areas with potential for further development:

Formal national provident fund benefits are only available to citizens.
Public-sector employment is only accessible to nationals, and there are restrictions for migrants accessing private-sector employment and self-employment.

Key findings

WHOLE OF GOVERNMENT APPROACH

Migration Governance: Examples of well-developed areas:

Tuvalu’s Interministerial Development Coordinating Committee includes migration in its agenda.
The National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2016-2020 aims at mitigating the adverse impacts of internal migration and urbanisation and capitalising instead on opportunities offered by human mobility.
The Government has a cohesive migration policy framework, including a National Labour Migration Policy (2015) and Immigration Regulations (2014).

Areas with potential for further development:

The country does not have an institution or body tasked with coordinating efforts to engage with its diaspora.
Although the Tuvalu Central Statistics Division publishes migration data on an annual basis, available migration data is limited to visitor arrivals.

Key findings

PARTNERSHIPS

Migration Governance: Examples of well-developed areas:

Tuvalu actively participates in regional consultative processes and multilateral fora. For example, Tuvalu has proposed a UN resolution to create a legal framework for people displaced by climate change.
Tuvalu is also member of a number of schemes which allow seasonal agricultural workers and semi-skilled workers to work in New Zealand and Australia, respectively, and are governed by memorandums of understanding.
The country has developed a Special Portability Agreement with New Zealand (and 21 other Pacific countries) with regard to pensions.

Areas with potential for further development:

Collaboration with civil society, the private sector and the diaspora in agenda-setting and implementation of migration-related issues is limited.

Key findings

WELL-BEING OF MIGRANTS

Migration Governance: Examples of well-developed areas:

Tuvalu participates in international schemes that ensure common qualification frameworks.
The University of the South Pacific (USP) is open to international students, although they may face higher fees.

Areas with potential for further development:

There is no monitoring of national labour market demand for immigrants or domestic labour supply and the effects of emigration.
Tuvalu has no labour migration information system and relies on receiving countries for data on labour migrants.
The Government is not involved in developing formal remittance schemes.

Key findings

MOBILITY DIMENSIONS OF CRISES

Migration Governance: Examples of well-developed areas:

The Government has a strategy with specific measures to provide assistance to immigrants during crisis and post-crisis phases in the country.
The Government has a national Disaster Risk Reduction strategy with specific provisions for addressing the displacement impacts of disasters.
The Government is seeking the establishment of an international legal framework allowing for the re-establishment of Tuvalu within another country in the event that present-day Tuvalu becomes uninhabitable due to the effects of climate change.

Areas with potential for further development:

Communication systems for people to receive information on the evolving nature of crises and how to access assistance could be improved.
There is no policy to accommodate the return of migrants who have fled the country during times of crisis.

Tuvalu has not implemented measures to make exceptions to the immigration procedures for immigrants whose country of origin is experiencing a crisis.

Key findings

Safe, orderly and regular migration

Migration Governance: Examples of well-developed areas:

Tuvalu has legislation on trafficking in persons and human smuggling under the Counter Terrorism and transnational Organised Crime Act of 2009.
A basic operational mechanism managed by the Immigration Division is in place to monitor visa overstays.

Areas with potential for further development:

There are no clearly outlined visa options nor a formal system for specific visa applications prior to arrival.
Tuvalu has no border information management system.
There is no formal governmental programme or dedicated policy focused on attracting nationals who have migrated from Tuvalu or to facilitate migrant reintegration in the country.

Back to MGI overview