Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten

Indikatoren in dieser Dimension analysieren, inwieweit Migrantinnen und Migranten hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu grundlegenden sozialen Diensten wie Gesundheit, Bildung und soziale Sicherheit den gleichen Status wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben. Es beschreibt die Rechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf Familienzusammenführung, Arbeit, Aufenthalt und Staatsbürgerschaft. Die Ratifizierung der wichtigsten internationalen Konventionen fällt ebenfalls in diesen Bereich.main.

Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Ganzer Regierungsansatz

Indikatoren in dieser Dimension bewerten die institutionellen, rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der Länder im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik. Dimension 2 beinhaltet auch das Vorhandensein von nationalen Migrationsstrategien, die mit Entwicklungspolitik und -ansätzen im Einklang stehen, sowie die institutionelle Transparenz und Kohärenz in Bezug auf Migrationsmanagement. In diesem Bereich wird auch untersucht, inwieweit Regierungen Migrationsdaten erheben und verwenden.

Partnerschaften
Partnerschaften

Diese Dimension konzentriert sich auf die Bemühungen von Ländern, in migrationsbezogenen Fragen mit anderen Staaten und einschlägigen nichstaatlichen Akteuren, einschließlich Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft und des Privatsektors, zusammenzuarbeiten. Kooperation kann zu Verbesserungen der Regierungsführung führen, indem Standards angeglichen und angehoben, der Dialog intensiviert und Strukturen der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen geschaffen werden. 

Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten

Diese Dimension umfasst Indikatoren für die Politik der Länder zur Steuerung des sozioökonomischen Wohlergehens von Migrantinnen und Migranten, z.B. die Anerkennung der Bildungs- und Berufsqualifikationen von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Bestimmungen zur Regelung der Studentenmigration und das Bestehen bilateraler Arbeitsabkommen zwischen Ländern. Die Indikatoren konzentrieren sich gleichermaßen auf Maßnahmen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit dem Engagement der Diasporamitglieder und den grenzüberschreitenden Geldtransfers von Migrantinnen und Migranten

Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen

Diese Dimension befasst sich mit der Art und dem Grad der Bereitschaft von Ländern, wenn sie mit Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen konfrontiert sind, die entweder mit Katastrophen, der Umwelt und/oder Konflikten zusammenhängen. Die Fragen werden verwendet, um die Prozesse für Staatsangehörige und Ausländer sowohl während als auch Katastrophen zu ermitteln, einschließlich der Frage, ob humanitäre Hilfe für Migrantinnen und Migranten genauso verfügbar ist wir für Bürgerinnen und Bürger. 

Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration

Diese Dimension analysiert den Ansatz der Länder zum Migrationsmanagement bezüglich Grenzkontroll- und Grenzschutzmaßnahmen, Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für Migranten, Vorbereitung und Flexibilität bei erheblichen und unerwarteten Wanderungsbewegungen sowie die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels und des Menschenschmuggels von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Es werden auch die Bemühungen und Anreize zur Unterstützung der Integration der zurückkehrenden Staatsbürgerinnen und -burger bewertet. 

Key findings
INTRODUCTION

This country profile describes examples of well-developed areas of the Kingdom of Sweden's (hereafter referred to as Sweden) migration governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated by the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration. 

Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.  

The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with the support of the Economist Intelligence Unit. Funding is provided by IOM Member States. 

Key findings
MIGRANTS’ RIGHTS

Migration Governance: Examples of well-developed areas: 

  • All children who live in Sweden have the right to attend school – including children seeking asylum.   

  • All persons with a legal right to reside in Sweden and who can be expected to stay for one year or longer have the same rights as Swedish citizens. 

  • Non-EU migrants who have a work permit or who are exempt from the requirement for one have equal access to employment (with some exceptions). 

  • Social security can be accessed outside of Sweden by migrant workers. Furthermore, pensions are not conditional on Swedish citizenship.  Migrants have access to their income pension, supplementary pension and premium pensions irrespective of which country they move to.  

Areas with potential for further development:  

  • Sweden has not ratified the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICRMW), or the ILO Migration for Employment Convention.

Key findings
WHOLE-OF-GOVERNMENT APPROACH

Migration Governance: Examples of well-developed areas: 

  • The Ministry of Justice houses three dedicated migration divisions responsible for the formulation and tracking of migration policy: the division for Migration Law, the division for Management of Migration Affairs, and the division for Migration and Asylum Policy. The division for Management of Migration Affairs oversees the Swedish Migration Agency, which is primarily tasked with implementing immigration and asylum/refugee policy.  

  • National migration legislation in Sweden is outlined by the Swedish Aliens Act (2005:716) and the Aliens Ordinance (2006:97). 

  • The Swedish Migration Agency provides information on its website regarding rules and regulations related to migration.  

  • The official government statistics agency, Statistics Sweden, provides annual updates on inward and outward migration. 

Areas with potential for further development:  

  • Currently, beyond general consular services, the Government has no targeted institutions that focus on the emigration of Swedish national or diaspora affairs.

Key findings
PARTNERSHIPS

Migration Governance: Examples of well-developed areas: 

  • Sweden engages with the private sector in agenda-setting and the implementation of migration-related issues. 

  • Sweden is involved with several organizations that aim to promote international cooperation on the subject of migration. These include the Global Forum on Migration and Development, the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration, Asylum and Refugees, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, to name a few.  

  • Through the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), the Government supports various civil society organizations in the implementation of migration-related measures. 

Key findings
WELL-BEING OF MIGRANTS

Migration Governance: Examples of well-developed areas:  

  • In 2008, Sweden’s labour immigration rules shifted from being government-led to employer-led. This has facilitated the hiring of foreign workers and allows a much more flexible system that can adapt to meet the labour demands of the Swedish economy.   

  • In order to participate in a Swedish educational programme, international students must successfully apply for a residence permit. 

  • Ethical recruitment measures are in place for foreign workers in Sweden. 

Areas with potential for further development:  

  • Although Sweden regularly monitors the labour market to identify needs, this is not directly linked to its migration policy. 

Key findings
MOBILITY DIMENSION OF CRISES

Migration Governance: Examples of well-developed areas: 

  • The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) coordinates the national and local response to crises. It also operates the dinsäkerhet.se (“your security”) website, which includes checklists of what should be kept in the home in preparation for various crisis scenarios.  

  • In the event of emergency there are communication systems available to the population to receive information on the evolving nature of a crisis, allowing them to communicate their needs and providing details on ways to access assistance. 

  • The communication systems in Sweden take into consideration the specific needs of migrants, and services such as the MSB website, the Swedish Migration Agency website and Swedish Public Radio deliver information in multiple languages.  

  • Sweden has measures in place to make exceptions to the immigration procedures for migrants whose country of origin is experiencing crisis.

Key findings
SAFE, ORDERLY AND DIGNIFIED MIGRATION

Migration Governance: Examples of well-developed areas: 

  • The European Schengen Agreement allows for free movement within many European countries; however, the system controls length of stay within European borders for non-Schengen residents. Specifically, Sweden – as a member of Schengen – uses the Schengen Information System (SIS) which supports external border control and law-enforcement cooperation among the Schengen States. 

  • The Swedish Migration Agency oversees the length of stay for certain types of visa, such as tourist visas, as people seek to change their status, for instance. 

  • The Swedish Migration Agency clearly outlines all visa options available, with its website categorizing visas by the type of migrant, such as student, job-seeker or asylum-seeker. 

  • Sweden has a formal, fully online visa application system that enables migrants to be granted a visa before arrival. 

  • The Swedish Police Authority is responsible for assigning a National Rapporteur on trafficking in human beings at the national and EU levels. 

  • In December 2017 eight authorities were given a government mandate for the period 2018–20 to develop their methods for joint control to counteract violations and crime within the area of work and employment, including human trafficking for labour exploitation. 

  • A National Action Plan to prevent prostitution and human trafficking for sexual and other purposes was developed in February 2018.  

Areas with potential for further development:  

  • Sweden does not currently have any formal government programme or dedicated policy focusing on attracting nationals who have migrated abroad. 

2018 Mai

Migration Governance Profile: Kingdom of Sweden