Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension analysieren, inwieweit Migrantinnen und Migranten hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu grundlegenden sozialen Diensten wie Gesundheit, Bildung und soziale Sicherheit den gleichen Status wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben. Es beschreibt die Rechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf Familienzusammenführung, Arbeit, Aufenthalt und Staatsbürgerschaft. Die Ratifizierung der wichtigsten internationalen Konventionen fällt ebenfalls in diesen Bereich.main.
Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension bewerten die institutionellen, rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der Länder im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik. Dimension 2 beinhaltet auch das Vorhandensein von nationalen Migrationsstrategien, die mit Entwicklungspolitik und -ansätzen im Einklang stehen, sowie die institutionelle Transparenz und Kohärenz in Bezug auf Migrationsmanagement. In diesem Bereich wird auch untersucht, inwieweit Regierungen Migrationsdaten erheben und verwenden.
Partnerschaften
Partnerschaften
Diese Dimension konzentriert sich auf die Bemühungen von Ländern, in migrationsbezogenen Fragen mit anderen Staaten und einschlägigen nichstaatlichen Akteuren, einschließlich Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft und des Privatsektors, zusammenzuarbeiten. Kooperation kann zu Verbesserungen der Regierungsführung führen, indem Standards angeglichen und angehoben, der Dialog intensiviert und Strukturen der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen geschaffen werden.
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Diese Dimension umfasst Indikatoren für die Politik der Länder zur Steuerung des sozioökonomischen Wohlergehens von Migrantinnen und Migranten, z.B. die Anerkennung der Bildungs- und Berufsqualifikationen von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Bestimmungen zur Regelung der Studentenmigration und das Bestehen bilateraler Arbeitsabkommen zwischen Ländern. Die Indikatoren konzentrieren sich gleichermaßen auf Maßnahmen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit dem Engagement der Diasporamitglieder und den grenzüberschreitenden Geldtransfers von Migrantinnen und Migranten
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Diese Dimension befasst sich mit der Art und dem Grad der Bereitschaft von Ländern, wenn sie mit Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen konfrontiert sind, die entweder mit Katastrophen, der Umwelt und/oder Konflikten zusammenhängen. Die Fragen werden verwendet, um die Prozesse für Staatsangehörige und Ausländer sowohl während als auch Katastrophen zu ermitteln, einschließlich der Frage, ob humanitäre Hilfe für Migrantinnen und Migranten genauso verfügbar ist wir für Bürgerinnen und Bürger.
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Diese Dimension analysiert den Ansatz der Länder zum Migrationsmanagement bezüglich Grenzkontroll- und Grenzschutzmaßnahmen, Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für Migranten, Vorbereitung und Flexibilität bei erheblichen und unerwarteten Wanderungsbewegungen sowie die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels und des Menschenschmuggels von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Es werden auch die Bemühungen und Anreize zur Unterstützung der Integration der zurückkehrenden Staatsbürgerinnen und -burger bewertet.
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Key findings
INTRODUCTION
This local Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of Tbilisi (Georgia)’s governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimesnsions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Impact. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
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Key findings
MIGRANTS’ RIGHTS
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The municipality of Tbilisi facilitates access to government-funded health services for migrants. The Law of Georgia on the Legal Status of Aliens and Stateless Persons (2014) explicitly recognizes the right of foreign nationals in the country to receive health care.
- All migrants in Tbilisi, regardless of migration status, have access to early childhood (preschool and kindergarten), primary and secondary education based on national-level provisions.
- The municipality of Tbilisi provides migrants access to legal support on an ad hoc basis through collaborations with local civil society organizations.
- Under the national-level Programme to Support Reintegration of Returned Migrants (2015), return migrants in Tbilisi can access housing assistance.
Areas with potential for further development
- Tbilisi does not have targeted strategies or programmes to support the inclusion or integration of migrants in general education.
- The municipality lacks welcome or orientation programs for newly arrived migrants, representing an area with potential for further development.
- Tbilisi does not offer assistance to those wishing to emigrate; however, there is a Migrant Resource Center (run by IOM) offering pre-migration information and counseling to prospective migrants.
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Key findings
WHOLE-OF-GOVERNMENT APPROACH
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Tbilisi municipal Department of Economic Development coordinates with the Georgian diaspora for specific activities such as the Local Economic Development Forum in 2022, which included a side session on migration.
- Since 2021, the municipality has participated in the IOM-led Sustainable Reintegration and Community Revitalization Pilot Initiative in Communities of Return project, which provides information about services to returnees.
Areas with potential for further development
- The municipality does not engage with the State Commission on Migration Issues, a national-level consultative body to address migration-related issues.
- Tbilisi lacks an agency or department dedicated to coordinating migrant services, with no established coordination mechanism among local agencies and departments to address migration issues.
- Mainstreaming migration in the Tbilisi City municipal development strategy as an integral part of this programmatic document, in alignment with national and international development agendas, is an area for further development .
- The municipality of Tbilisi does not collect or publish local-level statistics on migration.
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Key findings
PARTNERSHIPS
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The municipality of Tbilisi participates in international networks that support the exchange of knowledge and good practices in resolving migration issues.
- The Department of Economic Development of Tbilisi cooperates on migration issues with IOM and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
- Local authorities cooperate with the private sector and academia to implement programmes targeting the general population, including migrants.
Areas with potential for further development
- The municipality of Tbilisi does not formally collaborate with migrant associations, diaspora members, or expatriate communities in implementing migration-related policies and programs.
- Establishing national bilateral and international city-to-city cooperation programs focusing on international migration is an area with potential for development.
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Key findings
WELL-BEING OF MIGRANTS
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The municipality’s Gender Strategy 2023–2025 (2023), coordinated and implemented by the Gender Equality Council, aims to support women’s equitable access to employment and public services.
- Through the Learn and Work programme, local authorities promote and facilitate the inclusion of immigrant workers in the labour force.
- The business development division of Enterprise Georgia offers two entrepreneurship promotion and support programs in Tbilisi: the Credit Guarantee Mechanism and the Subsidized Mortgage Loan, launched in 2019 and 2021 respectively.
Areas with potential for further development
- There is no municipal-level assessment for monitoring the local labour market demand for immigrants or the local labour supply and the effects of emigration on the labour market.
- The establishment of specific measures to promote the ethical recruitment of migrant workers is an area with potential for development.
- The implementation of measures by the local government to support employers in employing foreign citizens is an area with potential for further development.
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Key findings
MOBILITY DIMENSION OF CRISES
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Law of Georgia on Public Safety (2014) mandates the establishment of a local emergency management operations center by the head of the local self-government unit (the Mayor).
- The municipality of Tbilisi has formulated action plans and strategies aimed at promoting sustainability and reducing human activities associated with climate change.
- Tbilisi has two-way communication systems in place for emergency response that consider the specific vulnerabilities faced by migrants. Information is communicated in English, Russian, Turkish, Armenian, and Azerbaijani.
Areas with potential for further development
- Enhancing the development of a framework for emergency management that includes specific actions to help migrants in times of crisis, as well as a strategy for reducing the risk of disasters that takes into account the effects of displacement and a plan for dealing with large-scale movements of people.
- The Tbilisi Local Economic Development Plan (2020) does not include specific measures related to displacement – either for internally displaced persons (IDPs) or refugees and asylum-seekers.
- Establishing referral systems with key actors to aid migrants during emergencies is an area with potential for development.
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Key findings
SAFE, ORDERLY AND DIGNIFIED MIGRATION
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Local government workers receive training on gender-related concerns, and the prevention of gender-based discrimination.
- Local authorities have taken steps to facilitate the arrival of refugee groups under their jurisdiction.
- The municipality of Tbilisi promotes migrant reintegration programmes especially through the Sustainable Reintegration and Community Revitalization Pilot Initiative in Communities of Return project, spanning from 2020 to April 2023.
Areas with potential for further development
- While some actions related to human trafficking are implemented, Tbilisi does not yet have a dedicated municipal agency or strategy to combat human trafficking, or specific measures to combat the labour exploitation of migrants.
- There is no local strategy and/or protocol for the identification of missing migrants and providing support for their families, nor is there a local body in charge of this issue.
2023 November
