Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension analysieren, inwieweit Migrantinnen und Migranten hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu grundlegenden sozialen Diensten wie Gesundheit, Bildung und soziale Sicherheit den gleichen Status wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben. Es beschreibt die Rechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf Familienzusammenführung, Arbeit, Aufenthalt und Staatsbürgerschaft. Die Ratifizierung der wichtigsten internationalen Konventionen fällt ebenfalls in diesen Bereich.main.
Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension bewerten die institutionellen, rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der Länder im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik. Dimension 2 beinhaltet auch das Vorhandensein von nationalen Migrationsstrategien, die mit Entwicklungspolitik und -ansätzen im Einklang stehen, sowie die institutionelle Transparenz und Kohärenz in Bezug auf Migrationsmanagement. In diesem Bereich wird auch untersucht, inwieweit Regierungen Migrationsdaten erheben und verwenden.
Partnerschaften
Partnerschaften
Diese Dimension konzentriert sich auf die Bemühungen von Ländern, in migrationsbezogenen Fragen mit anderen Staaten und einschlägigen nichstaatlichen Akteuren, einschließlich Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft und des Privatsektors, zusammenzuarbeiten. Kooperation kann zu Verbesserungen der Regierungsführung führen, indem Standards angeglichen und angehoben, der Dialog intensiviert und Strukturen der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen geschaffen werden.
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Diese Dimension umfasst Indikatoren für die Politik der Länder zur Steuerung des sozioökonomischen Wohlergehens von Migrantinnen und Migranten, z.B. die Anerkennung der Bildungs- und Berufsqualifikationen von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Bestimmungen zur Regelung der Studentenmigration und das Bestehen bilateraler Arbeitsabkommen zwischen Ländern. Die Indikatoren konzentrieren sich gleichermaßen auf Maßnahmen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit dem Engagement der Diasporamitglieder und den grenzüberschreitenden Geldtransfers von Migrantinnen und Migranten
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Diese Dimension befasst sich mit der Art und dem Grad der Bereitschaft von Ländern, wenn sie mit Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen konfrontiert sind, die entweder mit Katastrophen, der Umwelt und/oder Konflikten zusammenhängen. Die Fragen werden verwendet, um die Prozesse für Staatsangehörige und Ausländer sowohl während als auch Katastrophen zu ermitteln, einschließlich der Frage, ob humanitäre Hilfe für Migrantinnen und Migranten genauso verfügbar ist wir für Bürgerinnen und Bürger.
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Diese Dimension analysiert den Ansatz der Länder zum Migrationsmanagement bezüglich Grenzkontroll- und Grenzschutzmaßnahmen, Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für Migranten, Vorbereitung und Flexibilität bei erheblichen und unerwarteten Wanderungsbewegungen sowie die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels und des Menschenschmuggels von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Es werden auch die Bemühungen und Anreize zur Unterstützung der Integration der zurückkehrenden Staatsbürgerinnen und -burger bewertet.
Key findings
INTRODUCTION
This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of Republic of Albania’s governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimesnsions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Impact. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
Key findings
MIGRANTS’ RIGHTS
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Depending on migration status, migrants can access the same Government-funded health services as Albanian nationals and all regular migrants have the right to access social protection services.
- All migrants, irrespective of migration status, asylum-seekers, refugees and persons under complementary protection have the right to access education.
- Long-term residents and their families have equal access to employment as citizens in Albania and Law No. 79 on Aliens (2021) introduced a “single permit” for all other migrants to access employment.
- The National Strategy on Migration and Action Plan 2019–2022 (2019) addresses discrimination against migrants.
Areas with potential for further development
- Migrants’ access to the labour market is regulated by yearly quotas.
- Under Law No. 79 on Aliens, a migrant without a valid travel document, a valid visa or a residence permit cannot access public services.
Key findings
WHOLE-OF-GOVERNMENT APPROACH
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- In 2021, Albania strengthened its national legislation regulating immigration through the adoption of Law No. 79 on Aliens and Law No. 10 on Asylum.
- Albania’s national interministerial coordination mechanism for migration-related issues includes the Steering Group on Migration, the Technical Secretariat for Migration and the Technical Committee for Migration.
- In 2020, Albania adopted the National Strategy for the Albanian Diaspora 2021–2025, and in 2022, competencies regarding diaspora engagement were assigned to the National Diaspora Agency and the Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs.
Areas with potential for further development
- The National Strategy on Migration and Action Plan (2019) does not take into consideration migration as a result of the adverse effects of climate change or environmental degradation.
- There is no coordination mechanism or clear guidelines to compile, harmonize and standardize migration data collected by different government agencies.
- Albania has a transparent and accessible set of rules regarding migration, but these are not yet centralized and remain scattered across various government websites.
Key findings
PARTNERSHIPS
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Albania, among other 40 countries, adopted the Istanbul Commitments on the Silk Routes Partnership for Migration and its Call for Action in February 2019 and it is part of several other regional processes and forums.
- Partnerships with the diaspora have been strengthened through the creation of the Coordinating Council of Teachers in the Diaspora in 2020 and the Diaspora Coordination Council in 2018.
- In 2019, Albania became part of the Open Balkan initiative, a regional agreement promoting labour mobility, and it is signatory to several migration related MoUs.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Civil society organizations (CSOs) and the private sector are engaged in agenda-setting and the implementation of migration-related policies in a limited and ad hoc manner.
Key findings
WELL-BEING OF MIGRANTS
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- As of 2019, the application process for the recognition of foreign diplomas is carried out entirely online through the Government’s e-Albania portal.
- In 2021, the National Strategy for Gender Equality 2021–2030 was approved to promote gender equality for all women, including migrants, in the labour force.
- Law No. 79 on Aliens (2021) sets out relevant conditions that need to be verified by the National Agency for Employment and Skills to ensure the ethical recruitment of migrants.
Areas with potential for further development
- There are no regular national assessments to monitor the labour market demand for immigrants or the effects of emigration on the labour market.
- Albania does not allow equal access to university education for all international students.
Key findings
MOBILITY DIMENSION OF CRISES
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- In 2019, the Government adopted Law No. 45 on Civil Protection to reduce the risk from disasters and to guarantee the protection of people by strengthening the civil defence system.
- Under Law No. 10 on Asylum, Albania offers temporary protection to persons who are fleeing war or other similar crises of violence or conflict in their respective home countries and whose home countries cannot guarantee their protection.
Areas with potential for further development
- There are no current environmental and climate change policies that consider human mobility issues as a response to crisis prevention.
- The National Civil Emergency Plan (2004) provides for response and recovery post-emergency, but it does not contain specific provisions for migrants.
- While there are communication systems in place to disseminate information during crises, they do not take into account the specific vulnerabilities that migrants face.
Key findings
SAFE, ORDERLY AND DIGNIFIED MIGRATION
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- In 2020, the Ministry of Interior adopted the National Strategy against Organized Crime and Serious Crimes 2021–2025 and the Action Plan 2021–2022 to combat human trafficking.
- Albania has policies and procedures in place for the timely identification of migrants in vulnerable situations and to provide them with adequate referral and protection services.
- Law No. 10 on Asylum (2021) strengthens the child-centric approach of Albanian procedures and measures aimed at ensuring the protection of migrant children, including unaccompanied children.
Areas with potential for further development
- There are measures to attract nationals who have emigrated to other countries, but these remain limited and ad hoc.
- Although the National Strategy on Migration addresses the reintegration of returning nationals, specific actions have not been executed as planned.
- There are no formal systems in place to trace and identify international migrants that have gone missing in the process of migration within the national territory.
