Indikatoren in dieser Dimension analysieren, inwieweit Migrantinnen und Migranten hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu grundlegenden sozialen Diensten wie Gesundheit, Bildung und soziale Sicherheit den gleichen Status wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben. Es beschreibt die Rechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf Familienzusammenführung, Arbeit, Aufenthalt und Staatsbürgerschaft. Die Ratifizierung der wichtigsten internationalen Konventionen fällt ebenfalls in diesen Bereich.main.
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension bewerten die institutionellen, rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der Länder im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik. Dimension 2 beinhaltet auch das Vorhandensein von nationalen Migrationsstrategien, die mit Entwicklungspolitik und -ansätzen im Einklang stehen, sowie die institutionelle Transparenz und Kohärenz in Bezug auf Migrationsmanagement. In diesem Bereich wird auch untersucht, inwieweit Regierungen Migrationsdaten erheben und verwenden.
Diese Dimension konzentriert sich auf die Bemühungen von Ländern, in migrationsbezogenen Fragen mit anderen Staaten und einschlägigen nichstaatlichen Akteuren, einschließlich Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft und des Privatsektors, zusammenzuarbeiten. Kooperation kann zu Verbesserungen der Regierungsführung führen, indem Standards angeglichen und angehoben, der Dialog intensiviert und Strukturen der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen geschaffen werden.
Diese Dimension umfasst Indikatoren für die Politik der Länder zur Steuerung des sozioökonomischen Wohlergehens von Migrantinnen und Migranten, z.B. die Anerkennung der Bildungs- und Berufsqualifikationen von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Bestimmungen zur Regelung der Studentenmigration und das Bestehen bilateraler Arbeitsabkommen zwischen Ländern. Die Indikatoren konzentrieren sich gleichermaßen auf Maßnahmen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit dem Engagement der Diasporamitglieder und den grenzüberschreitenden Geldtransfers von Migrantinnen und Migranten
Diese Dimension befasst sich mit der Art und dem Grad der Bereitschaft von Ländern, wenn sie mit Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen konfrontiert sind, die entweder mit Katastrophen, der Umwelt und/oder Konflikten zusammenhängen. Die Fragen werden verwendet, um die Prozesse für Staatsangehörige und Ausländer sowohl während als auch Katastrophen zu ermitteln, einschließlich der Frage, ob humanitäre Hilfe für Migrantinnen und Migranten genauso verfügbar ist wir für Bürgerinnen und Bürger.
Diese Dimension analysiert den Ansatz der Länder zum Migrationsmanagement bezüglich Grenzkontroll- und Grenzschutzmaßnahmen, Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für Migranten, Vorbereitung und Flexibilität bei erheblichen und unerwarteten Wanderungsbewegungen sowie die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels und des Menschenschmuggels von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Es werden auch die Bemühungen und Anreize zur Unterstützung der Integration der zurückkehrenden Staatsbürgerinnen und -burger bewertet.
This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of the The Kyrgyz Republic (hereinafter referred to as Kyrgyzstan) migration governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Intelligence Unit. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- All migrants have access to health services under the same conditions as Kyrgyz nationals.
- The Human Rights Action Plan for 2019–2021 includes measures to combat hate crimes, violence, xenophobia and discrimination against migrants.
- An agreement signed in 2020 between Kyrgyzstan and Türkiye guarantees equal social and pension security rights for migrants from both countries.
- All Kyrgyz citizens can vote in national elections of the Kyrgyz Republic even if they live in another country.
Areas with potential for further development
- Only permanent residents have equal access to employment as nationals in Kyrgyzstan.
- Equal access to social protection is provided only to permanent residents and migrant workers and their family members from Eurasian Economic Union member States.
- Foreigners on family reunification visas are not allowed to take up any employment.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Migration Policy Concept of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2021–2030 aims to create safe migration pathways and utilize the full potential of migration for the country’s development.
- The Council on Migration, established in 2020, serves as the interministerial coordination mechanism to discuss legislative initiatives for migration-related issues.
- The Council for Relations with Compatriots Abroad, established in 2018, is responsible for engaging with the diaspora.
- Kyrgyzstan collects and publishes migration data regularly and its national census includes questions on migration.
Areas with potential for further development
- The National Action Plan on Gender Equality for 2022–2024 only includes some measures related to migrant women.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Kyrgyzstan participates in the Almaty Process on Refugee Protection and International Migration.
- The country is part of the Eurasian Economic UnionTreaty (2014), which promotes regional labour mobility.
- Kyrgyzstan formally engages members of diaspora and expatriate communities in agenda-setting and the implementation of development policy.
Areas with potential for further development
- There is no specific engagement with the private sector and civil society in the formulation of migration policies.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- In 2020, Kyrgyzstan amended Law No. 4 on External Labour Migration (2006) to establish procedures for determining the yearly foreign labour intake based on labour market demand and supply.
- Kyrgyzstan has legal provisions to ensure gender equality in the labour market, including for foreign citizens and stateless persons.
- The Provision on Issues in the field of labour migration in Kyrgyz Republic, adopted in 2019, defines responsibility of private recruitment agencies and the State Center for Employment Abroad to monitor that the rights of migrant workers from Kyrgyzstan are respected in destination countries."The National Bank promotes the financial inclusion of migrants through financial literacy training courses and videos on how to use remittances.
Areas with potential for further development
- The Department of Labour and Employment conducts regular monitoring of the labour market, but it does not gather data relating to the impact of emigration on the domestic labour market.
- Kyrgyzstan does not participate in international schemes with common qualifications frameworks.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Concept of Comprehensive Protection of the Population and Territory of the Kyrgyz Republic from Emergencies for 2018–2030 includes specific provisions for preventing and addressing the displacement impacts of disasters.
- Kyrgyzstan has strategies for addressing migration linked to environmental degradation and the adverse effects of climate change.
- The country has contingency plans to manage large-scale population movements in times of crisis.
- The country developed an emergency mobile application, available in different languages and which enables citizens and migrants to report emergencies and access information.
Areas with potential for further development
- The Kyrgyz Concept of Comprehensive Protection of the Population and Territory of the Kyrgyz Republic from Emergencies for 2018–2030 does not specifically refer to migrants.
- The National Development Strategy for 2018-2040 does not have measures in place regarding displacement or the reintegration of returning migrants.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Unitary System for Monitoring External Migration is the coordinated system to monitor visa overstays.
- The National Referral Mechanism for Victims of Human Trafficking, established in 2019, provides a set of actions and instructions for State bodies, non-profit organizations, and specialized institutions for identifying and offering assistance and protection to victims of human trafficking.
- The Cabinet adopted the Programme of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic on Combating Human Trafficking for 2022–2025 and its Action Plan through Resolution No. 227 (2022).
- Kyrgyzstan has measures to combat migrant labour exploitation.
Areas with potential for further development
- Kyrgyzstan has a national policy that includes certain measures only for attracting ethnic Kyrgyz, who do not yet hold Kyrgyz citizenship, to return to the country.
- The country has some ad hoc measures in place to trace and identify missing migrants.
2023 Dezember
