Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension analysieren, inwieweit Migrantinnen und Migranten hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu grundlegenden sozialen Diensten wie Gesundheit, Bildung und soziale Sicherheit den gleichen Status wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben. Es beschreibt die Rechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf Familienzusammenführung, Arbeit, Aufenthalt und Staatsbürgerschaft. Die Ratifizierung der wichtigsten internationalen Konventionen fällt ebenfalls in diesen Bereich.main.
Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension bewerten die institutionellen, rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der Länder im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik. Dimension 2 beinhaltet auch das Vorhandensein von nationalen Migrationsstrategien, die mit Entwicklungspolitik und -ansätzen im Einklang stehen, sowie die institutionelle Transparenz und Kohärenz in Bezug auf Migrationsmanagement. In diesem Bereich wird auch untersucht, inwieweit Regierungen Migrationsdaten erheben und verwenden.
Partnerschaften
Partnerschaften
Diese Dimension konzentriert sich auf die Bemühungen von Ländern, in migrationsbezogenen Fragen mit anderen Staaten und einschlägigen nichstaatlichen Akteuren, einschließlich Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft und des Privatsektors, zusammenzuarbeiten. Kooperation kann zu Verbesserungen der Regierungsführung führen, indem Standards angeglichen und angehoben, der Dialog intensiviert und Strukturen der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen geschaffen werden.
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Diese Dimension umfasst Indikatoren für die Politik der Länder zur Steuerung des sozioökonomischen Wohlergehens von Migrantinnen und Migranten, z.B. die Anerkennung der Bildungs- und Berufsqualifikationen von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Bestimmungen zur Regelung der Studentenmigration und das Bestehen bilateraler Arbeitsabkommen zwischen Ländern. Die Indikatoren konzentrieren sich gleichermaßen auf Maßnahmen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit dem Engagement der Diasporamitglieder und den grenzüberschreitenden Geldtransfers von Migrantinnen und Migranten
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Diese Dimension befasst sich mit der Art und dem Grad der Bereitschaft von Ländern, wenn sie mit Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen konfrontiert sind, die entweder mit Katastrophen, der Umwelt und/oder Konflikten zusammenhängen. Die Fragen werden verwendet, um die Prozesse für Staatsangehörige und Ausländer sowohl während als auch Katastrophen zu ermitteln, einschließlich der Frage, ob humanitäre Hilfe für Migrantinnen und Migranten genauso verfügbar ist wir für Bürgerinnen und Bürger.
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Diese Dimension analysiert den Ansatz der Länder zum Migrationsmanagement bezüglich Grenzkontroll- und Grenzschutzmaßnahmen, Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für Migranten, Vorbereitung und Flexibilität bei erheblichen und unerwarteten Wanderungsbewegungen sowie die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels und des Menschenschmuggels von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Es werden auch die Bemühungen und Anreize zur Unterstützung der Integration der zurückkehrenden Staatsbürgerinnen und -burger bewertet.
Key findings
Introduction
This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of the Republic of the Philippines (hereafter referred to as Philippines) migration governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Intelligence Unit. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
Key findings
Migrants' rights
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Migrant Health Unit coordinates the overall implementation of the Migrant Health Program which, while inclusive of all migrants, is more directed to overseas Filipino workers.
- Migrant workers and residents have access to the Social Security System provided that they contribute to the social security fund or their country reciprocates the provision of social security benefits to overseas Filipinos.
- Filipino citizens living in another country can vote in national elections either by mail or in person at diplomatic missions.
- Executive Order No. 163 (2022) was implemented to create an Inter-Agency Committee on the Protection of Refugees, Stateless Persons and Asylum Seekers.
Areas with potential for further development
- Foreign nationals have access to emergency Government-funded health services only if they take up voluntary membership in the national social health insurance benefits scheme.
- While migrants can access education through a Special Study Permit issued to all international students up to the age of 18, they do not have equal access to public education as Filipino citizens.
- Not all temporary migrants are entitled to apply for an indefinite residence permit under equal conditions.
- The Philippines does not have a specific strategy or policy for combating discrimination, racism or xenophobia against migrants.
Key findings
Whole of government approach
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Different national government agencies process and monitor the employment of foreign migrants in the country, depending on the industry and employment category.
- The Overseas Filipinos–CFO Online Registration System offers an online Pre-departure Orientation Seminar for migrating Filipinos, Filipino partners of foreign nationals, and former Filipino citizens or dual nationals.
- The Commission on Filipinos Overseas coordinates efforts to engage with the diaspora population.
Areas with potential for further development
- The Philippines does not have a specific authority responsible for designing and coordinating the implementation of an overall migration policy.
- Though several laws regulate migration issues, the Philippines does not have a national migration policy or strategy.
- The Philippines regularly collects data on Overseas Filipino Workers but not on international migrants residing or working in the country.
Key findings
Partnerships
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Philippines is a member of the Regional Consultative Process on Overseas Employment and Contractual Labor for Countries of Origin in Asia, the Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime, as well as the Abu Dhabi Dialogue and the Asia–Europe Meeting.
- As of 2022, the Philippines has 52 bilateral migration treaties with other countries and five regional migration mobility agreements with other countries.
- The country engages with CSOs and the private sector, both formally and informally, in agenda-setting and the implementation of migration-related programmes.
- The Philippines engages members of its diaspora and expatriate communities in the development of migration policy.
Areas with potential for further development
- The partnerships of the Philippines with various organizations, both at the national and local levels, are ingrained in government operations but may not be formally documented or established through memorandums.
Key findings
Well-being of migrants
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Philippines’ labour protection mechanisms are gender-responsive and apply equally to both nationals and migrants.
- The Philippines has formalized criteria for recognizing foreign qualifications for some professions within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
- The country has developed measures that promote ethical recruitment for Filipino migrant workers.
- The National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI) (2022–2028) includes Filipino “migrant workers and their families” and “forcibly displaced persons” as target segments for financial inclusion.
Areas with potential for further development
- The Philippines does not have a national assessment monitoring the labour market demand for migrants or monitoring the effects of emigrants on the domestic labour market.
- The country does not have different types of work visas to attract specific labour skills.
- International students are charged higher fees than nationals, and there are quotas imposed for international students in medicine and dentistry courses.
Key findings
Mobility dimensions of crises
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Philippine Development Plan 2017–2022 aims to harmonize government programmes and initiatives relating to internal armed conflict and seeks to protect the rights and promote the interests of vulnerable groups (including women, indigenous peoples, children, the elderly and internally displaced persons).
- The Philippines has strategies in place for addressing migration linked to environmental degradation and the adverse effects of climate change.
- The Department of Foreign Affairs’ Assistance to Nationals Units and the Department of Social Welfare and Development implements measures to assist nationals living abroad in times of crises.
Areas with potential for further development
- There are no specific strategies to assist migrants before, during and post crisis in the country.
- Communication systems in place to receive information on the evolving nature of crises and on how to access assistance through mobile alerts are focused on the protection of nationals only.
Key findings
Safe, orderly and regular migration
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Bureau of Immigration’s Border Control Cluster runs a centralized Border Control Information System that processes arriving and departing passengers.
- The Philippines has measures in place to assist the return and reintegration of its nationals who have emigrated.
- The Philippines expanded and strengthened its Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act through Republic Act No. 11862 (2022), empowering authorities to address the Internet and digital aspects of human trafficking.
- The country has policies and procedures in place for the timely identification of migrants in vulnerable situations and to provide them with adequate referral and protection services.
Areas with potential for further development
- The Philippines does not have a policy or a strategy to ensure that migrant detention is used only as a measure of last resort.
- The Philippines actively supports the pre-departure medical requirements of Overseas Filipino Workers but can enhance the post-arrival medical assistance or screening of returning OFWs as part of return and reintegration efforts.
- The Inter-Agency Council Against Trafficking has robust data collection and management on Filipino victims of trafficking, but there is no or insufficient data on foreign nationals that were trafficked to or across the Philippines.
2022 Oktober
