Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten

Indikatoren in dieser Dimension analysieren, inwieweit Migrantinnen und Migranten hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu grundlegenden sozialen Diensten wie Gesundheit, Bildung und soziale Sicherheit den gleichen Status wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben. Es beschreibt die Rechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf Familienzusammenführung, Arbeit, Aufenthalt und Staatsbürgerschaft. Die Ratifizierung der wichtigsten internationalen Konventionen fällt ebenfalls in diesen Bereich.main.

Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Ganzer Regierungsansatz

Indikatoren in dieser Dimension bewerten die institutionellen, rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der Länder im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik. Dimension 2 beinhaltet auch das Vorhandensein von nationalen Migrationsstrategien, die mit Entwicklungspolitik und -ansätzen im Einklang stehen, sowie die institutionelle Transparenz und Kohärenz in Bezug auf Migrationsmanagement. In diesem Bereich wird auch untersucht, inwieweit Regierungen Migrationsdaten erheben und verwenden.

Partnerschaften
Partnerschaften

Diese Dimension konzentriert sich auf die Bemühungen von Ländern, in migrationsbezogenen Fragen mit anderen Staaten und einschlägigen nichstaatlichen Akteuren, einschließlich Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft und des Privatsektors, zusammenzuarbeiten. Kooperation kann zu Verbesserungen der Regierungsführung führen, indem Standards angeglichen und angehoben, der Dialog intensiviert und Strukturen der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen geschaffen werden. 

Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten

Diese Dimension umfasst Indikatoren für die Politik der Länder zur Steuerung des sozioökonomischen Wohlergehens von Migrantinnen und Migranten, z.B. die Anerkennung der Bildungs- und Berufsqualifikationen von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Bestimmungen zur Regelung der Studentenmigration und das Bestehen bilateraler Arbeitsabkommen zwischen Ländern. Die Indikatoren konzentrieren sich gleichermaßen auf Maßnahmen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit dem Engagement der Diasporamitglieder und den grenzüberschreitenden Geldtransfers von Migrantinnen und Migranten

Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen

Diese Dimension befasst sich mit der Art und dem Grad der Bereitschaft von Ländern, wenn sie mit Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen konfrontiert sind, die entweder mit Katastrophen, der Umwelt und/oder Konflikten zusammenhängen. Die Fragen werden verwendet, um die Prozesse für Staatsangehörige und Ausländer sowohl während als auch Katastrophen zu ermitteln, einschließlich der Frage, ob humanitäre Hilfe für Migrantinnen und Migranten genauso verfügbar ist wir für Bürgerinnen und Bürger. 

Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration

Diese Dimension analysiert den Ansatz der Länder zum Migrationsmanagement bezüglich Grenzkontroll- und Grenzschutzmaßnahmen, Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für Migranten, Vorbereitung und Flexibilität bei erheblichen und unerwarteten Wanderungsbewegungen sowie die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels und des Menschenschmuggels von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Es werden auch die Bemühungen und Anreize zur Unterstützung der Integration der zurückkehrenden Staatsbürgerinnen und -burger bewertet. 

Key findings
Introduction

This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of the Mexico governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.

Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.

The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Impact. Funding is provided by IOM Member States. 

Key findings
Migrants' rights

Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas

  • The Migration Law (2011) establishes the right to health care for the migrant population (regular and irregular).
  • All people in Mexico, including migrants regardless of their migratory status, can access basic education (primary and secondary).
  • Foreign nationals with a permanent or temporary resident’s permit have the same rights to self-employment as nationals. 
  • Family reunification is possible for foreign nationals who are established as legal temporary or permanent residents in Mexico and for refugees.
  • Mexico has policies and strategies to combat hate crimes, violence, xenophobia and discrimination against migrants.

Areas with potential for further development 

  • Private sector employment of migrants is restricted under the Federal Labour Law (1970) which establishes that the workforce in any company must be at least 90 per cent Mexican. 
Key findings
Whole of government approach

Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas

  • The Interior Secretariat’s Migration Policy Advisory Council is one of Mexico’s numerous national inter-secretariat coordination mechanisms on migration. 
  • The national migration strategy is set out in the Interior Secretariat’s Governance Sector Programme 2020–2024, which is itself derived from the National Development Plan 2019–2024. 
  • The National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics regularly collects and publishes Migration data by age cohort and sex, among others.
  • In 2022, the information system “For your rights”, which contains a registry of information on children and adolescents on the move as identified by the National Migration Institute, was launched. 

Areas with potential for further development 

  • Mexico has a clear and transparent set of rules and regulations on migration, but the majority are only available in the Spanish language.
Key findings
Partnerships

Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas

  • Mexico participates in bilateral consultations on migration, mainly with Canada, Guatemala and the United States.
  • The Unit for Migration Policy, Registration and Identification of Persons organizes regional forums on human mobility to train civil servants at all three levels of government and provide technical assistance to local authorities to design public policies.
  • Mexico involves civil society organizations (CSOs) in setting the agenda and responding to migration-related issues, with formal cooperation mechanisms between migration authorities and CSOs.
  • The National Migration Institute and the National Institute for Women signed a coordination agreement in 2022 to strengthen inter-institutional activities aimed at promoting, protecting and respecting the human rights of national and foreign women and girls on the move. 
  • Migration authorities in Mexico engage the private sector and social partners in setting the migration-related agenda and implementing activities. 

Areas with potential for further development

  • Mexico is not a party to any regional labour mobility agreements up to date.
Key findings
Well-being of migrants

Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas

  • The National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics of Mexico collects labour market data disaggregated by migration status and sex through the National Occupation and Employment Survey.
  • The labour skills certification initiative “Mexico recognizes your experience” (2021) seeks to evaluate and certify the skills of returnees to the country, with a view to facilitating their employment.
  • Mexico has programmes to promote the financial inclusion of migrants and their families. 

Areas with potential for further development 

  • Mexico has no programmes to manage labour immigration or to promote the labour integration of migrants.
  • Although Mexico allows equal access to university education for all international students, the specifications of individual academic programmes vary and there are usually higher tuition fees for foreign students.
Key findings
Mobility dimensions of crises

Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas

  • The Governance Sectoral Programme 2020–2024 and the National Human Rights Programme 2020–2024’s cover internal forced displacement as part of their specific strategies and actions goals.
  • Mexico has adopted measures to help citizens living abroad in times of crisis.
  • The National Disaster Prevention Centre informs the population via television, radio and the internet about the potential risks of and developments in crises or disaster situations.

Areas with potential for further development 

  • Mexico does not have a specific strategy comprising specific measures for assistance to migrants before, during and after a crisis.  
  • No strategies exist to address migration related to environmental degradation and the adverse effects of climate change. 
  • Mexico still has no contingency plans for managing large-scale population movements in crisis situations.
Key findings
Safe, orderly and regular migration

Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas

  • The National Migration Institute and the National Human Rights Commission have ongoing training programmes on various human rights and migration issues for the general public and civil servants.
  • The Inter-institutional Strategy for the Integrated Management of Repatriated and Returning Mexican Families (2021) promotes and ensures migrants’ access to government services and programmes.
  • The Integrated Programme to Prevent, Address, Punish and Eradicate Violence against Women 2021–2024 recognizes migrant women, girls and adolescents as a population group with a higher degree of vulnerability.
  • Mexico has a system for cooperation with other countries to trace and identify missing migrants on its national territory.

Areas with potential for further development 

  • Approval of the National Programme against Trafficking in Persons had remained pending since 2019, leaving the country without a unified public policy aimed at combating this scourge. 

2022 August

Migration Governance Profile: Mexico