Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension analysieren, inwieweit Migrantinnen und Migranten hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu grundlegenden sozialen Diensten wie Gesundheit, Bildung und soziale Sicherheit den gleichen Status wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben. Es beschreibt die Rechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf Familienzusammenführung, Arbeit, Aufenthalt und Staatsbürgerschaft. Die Ratifizierung der wichtigsten internationalen Konventionen fällt ebenfalls in diesen Bereich.main.
Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension bewerten die institutionellen, rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der Länder im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik. Dimension 2 beinhaltet auch das Vorhandensein von nationalen Migrationsstrategien, die mit Entwicklungspolitik und -ansätzen im Einklang stehen, sowie die institutionelle Transparenz und Kohärenz in Bezug auf Migrationsmanagement. In diesem Bereich wird auch untersucht, inwieweit Regierungen Migrationsdaten erheben und verwenden.
Partnerschaften
Partnerschaften
Diese Dimension konzentriert sich auf die Bemühungen von Ländern, in migrationsbezogenen Fragen mit anderen Staaten und einschlägigen nichstaatlichen Akteuren, einschließlich Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft und des Privatsektors, zusammenzuarbeiten. Kooperation kann zu Verbesserungen der Regierungsführung führen, indem Standards angeglichen und angehoben, der Dialog intensiviert und Strukturen der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen geschaffen werden.
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Diese Dimension umfasst Indikatoren für die Politik der Länder zur Steuerung des sozioökonomischen Wohlergehens von Migrantinnen und Migranten, z.B. die Anerkennung der Bildungs- und Berufsqualifikationen von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Bestimmungen zur Regelung der Studentenmigration und das Bestehen bilateraler Arbeitsabkommen zwischen Ländern. Die Indikatoren konzentrieren sich gleichermaßen auf Maßnahmen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit dem Engagement der Diasporamitglieder und den grenzüberschreitenden Geldtransfers von Migrantinnen und Migranten
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Diese Dimension befasst sich mit der Art und dem Grad der Bereitschaft von Ländern, wenn sie mit Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen konfrontiert sind, die entweder mit Katastrophen, der Umwelt und/oder Konflikten zusammenhängen. Die Fragen werden verwendet, um die Prozesse für Staatsangehörige und Ausländer sowohl während als auch Katastrophen zu ermitteln, einschließlich der Frage, ob humanitäre Hilfe für Migrantinnen und Migranten genauso verfügbar ist wir für Bürgerinnen und Bürger.
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Diese Dimension analysiert den Ansatz der Länder zum Migrationsmanagement bezüglich Grenzkontroll- und Grenzschutzmaßnahmen, Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für Migranten, Vorbereitung und Flexibilität bei erheblichen und unerwarteten Wanderungsbewegungen sowie die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels und des Menschenschmuggels von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Es werden auch die Bemühungen und Anreize zur Unterstützung der Integration der zurückkehrenden Staatsbürgerinnen und -burger bewertet.
Key findings
Introduction
This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of the Republic of Ecuador governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Impact. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
Key findings
Migrants' rights
Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas
- The latest amendment in 2021 of the Organic Law on Human Mobility extended the coverage of the rights guaranteed for the immigrant population, Ecuadorians abroad and returnees.
- As of 2018, the Ministry of Public Health began allocating budget funds specifically to meet the growing demand for health services of the migrant population.
- Resident foreign nationals are entitled to work in Ecuador and to access social security on an equal footing with Ecuadorians.
- The Government approved in 2020 a Comprehensive Plan to provide assistance and ensure the protection of rights in the context of the increasing flow of Venezuelan migrants into Ecuador.
- The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility conducts projects in support of inclusion, diversity and the prevention of discrimination, such as the Prevention and Awareness-raising Campaign against All Forms of Discrimination of 2020.
Areas with potential for further development
- There is a restriction on access to bonuses – temporary cash transfers – for migrants.
Key findings
Whole of government approach
Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas
- The Association of Ecuadorian Municipalities (Asociación de Municipalidades Ecuatorianas) developed a methodological tool for mainstreaming human mobility in development and land management planning, and informed Ecuador’s 221 cantonal Decentralized Autonomous Governments.
- In 2018, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility set up the National Human Mobility Roundtable as the main inter-institutional forum for analysis, sharing of experiences, and citizen coordination and participation in implementing public policies.
- In 2020, the National Human Mobility Advisory Council (Consejo Consultivo Nacional Defensorial de Movilidad Humana), was set up as a place for analysis, debate and advice, bringing together public institutions, non-governmental organizations, local leaders and social groups.
- The National Agenda for Equality in Human Mobility 2017-2021 aims to guarantee rights, reduce inequalities and end discrimination against people on the move, and it also incorporates a gender-based approach.
Areas with potential for further development
- As the Regional Roundtables on human mobility have no permanent members, coordination with local governments is sporadic and unstructured.
- The National Human Mobility Plan does not have its own budget allocation, nor does it have evaluation and monitoring mechanisms.
Key findings
Partnerships
Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas
- Since 2018, Ecuador has signed four memorandums of understanding on migration: with Mexico (2018); with the United States (2018); with Spain (2019); and with Colombia (2020).
- The formulation of the National Human Mobility Plan (2018) entailed consultations with the migrant Ecuadorian community, which has six members in the National Assembly representing the constituency abroad.
- The Intersectoral Roundtable on Ecuadorians in Human Mobility: Returnees and Emigrants (Mesa Intersectorial sobre Personas Ecuatorianas en Movilidad Humana: Retornados y Emigrantes) set up in 2020 allows civil society organizations from the Ecuadorian community abroad to participate as observers.
- Through the Under-secretariat for the Ecuadorian Migrant Community, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility maintains a constant, semi-formal dialogue with the diaspora by means of communications and meetings.
Areas with potential for further development:
- There is no formal structure or set operating schedule for forums that enable two-way dialogue and alliances for civil society and private sector involvement in migration governance.
Key findings
Well-being of migrants
Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas
- The Organic Law on Human Mobility provides for different visas designed to attract specific skills.
- The Council of Higher Education issued the Regulations governing degrees and diplomas obtained at foreign institutions (2019), together with the requirements and procedures for the registration of foreign qualifications, including a fast-track recognition mechanism, relaxed formal requirements and improved online processing.
- One of the aims of the Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons 2019–2030 (Plan de Acción contra la Trata de Personas) is to regularize and monitor employment agencies so that they do not become recruiting grounds for human trafficking for labour exploitation purposes.
- The National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (2021) promotes regulatory reform to enhance the due diligence process, to improve the handling of the problems of access and fees associated with processing of payments, and to facilitate the use of electronic means of payment by people migrants.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Ecuador has no national processes for managing labour immigration or the impact of that migration on the availability of employment in the domestic labour market.
- Public policies and practices relating to the ethical recruitment of migrant workers make no provision for preventive action in coordination with the private sector.
Key findings
Mobility dimensions of crises
Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas
- People in situations of human mobility constitute a cross-cutting priority and “must always be taken into consideration in all components of disaster and response management” in the National Disaster Response Plan (2018).
- The Organic Law on Human Mobility (2017) broadened the definition of beneficiaries of the humanitarian visa to include persons in need of protection for humanitarian reasons.
- The Protocol for Processes to Protect Vulnerable Ecuadorians Abroad (Protocolo para Procesos de Protección a Ecuatorianos en Condición de Vulnerabilidad en el Exterior) (2021) by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility sets forth a procedure for taking account of, managing and coordinating the various bodies that provide protection and assistance in cases affecting Ecuadorian migrants and their families.
Areas with potential for further development:
- There is no strategy or specific plan for mitigating climate change-related migration.
- The National Development Plan 2017–2021: A Lifetime (2017) refers to human mobility as a cross-cutting issue but contains no concrete measures for reintegrating returning migrants, nor references to mitigation and response in contexts involving internally displaced persons.
- Neither the National Disaster Response Plan (2018) nor the Specific Risk and Emergency Management Plan take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities and situation of migrants.
Key findings
Safe, orderly and regular migration
Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas
- The Returning Migrant Certificate (Certificado de Migrante Retornado) accords the rights of social and economic inclusion to its recipients and their families.
- The Action Plan against Trafficking in Persons 2019–2030 (2019) promotes coordinated actions to prevent human trafficking, investigate and punish the crime, protect victims, and buttress the mechanisms for implementing, monitoring and assessing public policy.
- The Comprehensive Plan to provide assistance to and protect the rights of Venezuelans (2018) identifies situations of vulnerability with respect to children and gender, among other factors.
- In 2020, the Ministry of Internal Affairs issued a Protocol for Inter-institutional Action in Cases of Migrant Smuggling.
- The Comprehensive Plan to provide assistance and ensure the protection of rights in the context of the increasing flow of Venezuelan migrants into Ecuador introduced in 2018 is updated periodically.
Areas with potential for further development:
- There are no formal cooperation agreements with other countries on seeking and identifying missing persons, despite the mandate to negotiate such agreements given in the Organic Law on Action in Cases of Disappeared and Missing Persons (Ley Orgánica de Actuación en Casos de Personas Desaparecidas y Extraviadas) (2020).
2021 Dezember
