Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension analysieren, inwieweit Migrantinnen und Migranten hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu grundlegenden sozialen Diensten wie Gesundheit, Bildung und soziale Sicherheit den gleichen Status wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben. Es beschreibt die Rechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf Familienzusammenführung, Arbeit, Aufenthalt und Staatsbürgerschaft. Die Ratifizierung der wichtigsten internationalen Konventionen fällt ebenfalls in diesen Bereich.main.
Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension bewerten die institutionellen, rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der Länder im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik. Dimension 2 beinhaltet auch das Vorhandensein von nationalen Migrationsstrategien, die mit Entwicklungspolitik und -ansätzen im Einklang stehen, sowie die institutionelle Transparenz und Kohärenz in Bezug auf Migrationsmanagement. In diesem Bereich wird auch untersucht, inwieweit Regierungen Migrationsdaten erheben und verwenden.
Partnerschaften
Partnerschaften
Diese Dimension konzentriert sich auf die Bemühungen von Ländern, in migrationsbezogenen Fragen mit anderen Staaten und einschlägigen nichstaatlichen Akteuren, einschließlich Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft und des Privatsektors, zusammenzuarbeiten. Kooperation kann zu Verbesserungen der Regierungsführung führen, indem Standards angeglichen und angehoben, der Dialog intensiviert und Strukturen der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen geschaffen werden.
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Diese Dimension umfasst Indikatoren für die Politik der Länder zur Steuerung des sozioökonomischen Wohlergehens von Migrantinnen und Migranten, z.B. die Anerkennung der Bildungs- und Berufsqualifikationen von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Bestimmungen zur Regelung der Studentenmigration und das Bestehen bilateraler Arbeitsabkommen zwischen Ländern. Die Indikatoren konzentrieren sich gleichermaßen auf Maßnahmen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit dem Engagement der Diasporamitglieder und den grenzüberschreitenden Geldtransfers von Migrantinnen und Migranten
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Diese Dimension befasst sich mit der Art und dem Grad der Bereitschaft von Ländern, wenn sie mit Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen konfrontiert sind, die entweder mit Katastrophen, der Umwelt und/oder Konflikten zusammenhängen. Die Fragen werden verwendet, um die Prozesse für Staatsangehörige und Ausländer sowohl während als auch Katastrophen zu ermitteln, einschließlich der Frage, ob humanitäre Hilfe für Migrantinnen und Migranten genauso verfügbar ist wir für Bürgerinnen und Bürger.
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Diese Dimension analysiert den Ansatz der Länder zum Migrationsmanagement bezüglich Grenzkontroll- und Grenzschutzmaßnahmen, Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für Migranten, Vorbereitung und Flexibilität bei erheblichen und unerwarteten Wanderungsbewegungen sowie die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels und des Menschenschmuggels von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Es werden auch die Bemühungen und Anreize zur Unterstützung der Integration der zurückkehrenden Staatsbürgerinnen und -burger bewertet.
Key findings
Introduction
This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of the governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the EconomistImpact. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
Key findings
Migrants' rights
Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas
- The Eighth Amendment to the Lesotho Constitution Act (2018) improved access to social benefits for Basotho diaspora by allowing for dual citizenship and the acquisition of citizenship through marriage of a citizen of Lesotho.
- Migrants have the same access as nationals to Government-funded health services, including access to COVID-19 vaccinations.
- The Aliens Control Act (1966) provides for family reunification rights to all foreigners legally residing in Lesotho that can prove sufficient financial means to support the incoming members of their family.
Areas with potential for further development:
- The list of reserved business activities as stipulated by the Business Licensing and Registration Act (2019) and the Business Licensing and Registration Regulations (2020) limits access of non-nationals to self-employment.
- The National Assembly Electoral Act (2011) stipulates that citizens of Lesotho have the right to vote from abroad for the National Assembly elections, yet this right has only been exercised by Basotho diplomats.
- There are no integration programmes to help migrant and local workers understand their rights and responsibilities.
Key findings
Whole of government approach
Migration governance: examples o well-developed areas
- The National Diaspora Policy launched in 2021 created the Diaspora Directorate under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to serve as its coordinating mechanism.
- The National Diaspora Policy also encourages the creation of the Basotho Diaspora Association, the Lesotho Diaspora Support Programme, and the Lesotho Leads Network.
- The Bureau of Statistics collects and publishes migration data through the national census, periodic surveys, and compilation of administrative data.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Newly adopted policies, such as the Lesotho Immigration and Citizenship Policy (2018), the National Diaspora Policy, and the National Labour Migration Policy, are not easily accessible online.
- There is no centralized electronic database specifically used to collect and process migration data.
Key findings
Partnerships
Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas
- Lesotho is part of regional migration consultative processes, including initiatives coordinated by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Secretariat and the African Union.
- The Government of Lesotho engages in both national and regional migration policy consultations with civil society organizations.
- Members from the National Consultative Committee on Migration and Development include civil society, diaspora organizations, academia, labour agencies, State-owned entities and respective ministries.
Areas with potential for further development:
- The private sector only participates in the National Consultative Committee on Migration and Development in an ad hoc manner.
Key findings
Well-being of migrants
Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas
- Lesotho participates in a regional qualification scheme, the Southern African Development Community Qualifications Framework.
- The Labour Code Order (1992) and the National Labour Migration Policy for Lesotho (2018) promote the ethical recruitment of migrant workers, including provisions for pre-departure training and licensing for private employment agencies.
Areas with potential for further development:
- There are no programmes to monitor labour supply and demand, despite the plan to collect information on occupations in demand detailed in the second National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP II) adopted in 2018.
- Migrants can access tertiary education on the same conditions as nationals, except for the 25 per cent higher tuition difference. Furthermore, international students do not have the right to employment during or after their studies in Lesotho.
- The Gender and Development Policy (2018–2030) adopted in 2018 notes a lack of gender-responsive labour market policies and supportive labour market information systems.
Key findings
Mobility dimensions of crises
Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas
- The Climate Change Policy (2017) aims to address climate-induced migration by improving access to microcredit and social benefits among migrants.
- Lesotho’s National Strategic Development Plan II (2018) includes measures to address displacement caused by environmental factors and localized violence, as well as guidance on managing internal migration.
- Lesotho has a well-established and integrated local chieftainship and central government system that coordinates and disseminates disaster warnings.
Areas with potential for further development:
- The Disaster Management Act (1997) does not explicitly address migration or displacement, nor does it provide procedures to manage large-scale population movements at the time of disasters or crises.
- Crisis communication is only conducted in English and Sesotho; hence excluding vulnerable groups and migrants who may not speak those languages.
Key findings
Safe, orderly and regular migration
Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas
- Lesotho has two policy documents addressing the issues relevant to returning migrants: the National Diaspora Policy (2021) and the National Labour Migration Policy for Lesotho (2018).
- The Lesotho Immigration and Citizenship Policy (2018) recognizes the importance of attracting the Basotho diaspora back to Lesotho and facilitating skills transfers.
- The 2021 amendments to the Anti–Trafficking in Persons Act (2011) criminalize all forms of sex trafficking, removing the option of a fine in lieu of imprisonment for trafficking offences.
- The Government adopted in 2021 the National Referral System and Standard Operating Procedures of Referral of Victims of Trafficking and Care as well as the Lesotho National Strategic Framework and Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons (2021–2026).
Areas with potential for further development:
- Lesotho lacks an effective system to monitor visa overstays; monitoring is done on an ad hoc basis or by border officials.
2021 Dezember
