Indicators in this domain assess the extent to which migrants have the same status as citizens in terms of access to basic social services such as health, education, and social security. It also describes the rights of migrants to family reunification, to work, and to residency and citizenship. The ratification of the main international conventions is also included within this domain.
Indicators in this category look at the extent to which migrants have access to certain social services such as health, education and social security. They also examine measures to ensure integration and access to work.
Indicators in this domain assess countries’ institutional, legal, and regulatory frameworks related to migration policies. Domain 2 also reviews the existence of national migration strategies that are in-line with development, as well as institutional transparency and coherence in relation to migration management. This domain also investigates the extent to which governments collect and use migration data.
Indicators in this category assess the institutional frameworks of cities for migration. This area also examines the existence of migration strategies consistent with development objectives, as well as institutional transparency and coherence in migration management.
This domain focuses on countries’ efforts to cooperate on migration-related issues with other states and with relevant non-governmental actors, including civil society organizations and the private sector. Cooperation can lead to improvements in governance by aligning and raising standards, increasing dialogue and providing structures to overcome challenges.
Indicators in this category focus on cities’ efforts to cooperate on migration issues with the national government as well as other cities and relevant non-governmental actors, including civil society organizations and the private sector.
This domain includes indicators on countries’ policies for managing the socioeconomic well-being of migrants, through aspects such as the recognition of migrants’ educational and professional qualifications, provisions regulating student migration and the existence of bilateral labour agreements between countries. Indicators equally focus on policies and strategies related to diaspora engagement and migrant remittances.
Indicators in this category assess cities’ initiatives in terms of international student mobility, access to the labour market and decent working conditions for migrant workers. Aspects related to diaspora engagement and migrant remittances are also included in this domain.
This domain studies the type and level of preparedness of countries when they are faced with mobility dimensions of crises, linked to either disasters, the environment and/or conflict. The questions are used to identify the processes in place for nationals and non-nationals both during and after disasters, including whether humanitarian assistance is equally available to migrants as it is to citizens.
Indicators in this category examine the type and level of readiness of cities to deal with aspects of mobility crises. The questions focus on the processes in place for citizens and non-citizens both during and after disasters, especially if humanitarian assistance is available for migrants and citizens.
This domain analyses countries’ approach to migration management in terms of border control and enforcement policies, admission criteria for migrants, preparedness and resilience in the case of significant and unexpected migration flows, as well as the fight against trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants. It also assesses efforts and incentives to help integrate returning citizens.
Indicators in this category look at the cities’ approaches to migrant safety as well as return and reintegration policies and the fight against trafficking in persons.
This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of the governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Impact. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The compulsory health insurance scheme is accessible to migrant workers and their families.
- One of the objectives of the Strategic Framework for Economic Recovery and Sustainable Development (2019–2023) is to fight impunity, xenophobia and crimes against foreigners.
Areas with potential for further development
- As of September 2021, Mali has yet to ratify International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions No. 97 and 143 on migrant workers.
- Malians can only vote from abroad in presidential elections and referendums.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Action Plan for the National Migration Policy of Mali 2020-2024 aims to improve knowledge of internal and international migration.
- The National Directorate of Social Development centralizes and harmonizes data on population movements and the needs of displaced and returning populations through IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix.
Areas with potential for further development
- Migration data is not published on a regular basis.
- The main programmes to promote the empowerment of women do not mention whether migrant women are eligible.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Since 2019, Mali started a two-year term as chair of the African Union Specialised Technical Committee on Migration, Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons.
- The High Council of Malians Abroad encourages the participation of Malians living abroad in the country’s development and in the formulation of an appropriate reintegration policy for returning Malians through various activities.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Mali has not signed any readmission agreements.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Handbook on labour migration management presents the challenges of labour migration and a clear description of international placement procedures.
- The National Employment and Training Observatory conducts regular studies on the demand and supply of national and regional labour markets.
- In 2021, the Government adopted the Strategy to Promote Productive Investment by the Malian Diaspora.
Areas with potential for further development
- The Action Plan for the National Migration Policy of Mali (2020–2024) sets out activities to be undertaken in favour of foreigners living in Mali, but does not take into account the specific needs of all the migrants present in the country according to their migratory status.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Ministry of Malians Established Abroad and African Integration has set up an assistance fund for Malian migrants in emergency situations.
- The Strategic Framework for Economic Recovery and Sustainable Development (2019–2023) provides for assistance to internally displaced persons, returnees and refugees.
Areas with potential for further development
- The Government of Mali has no specific strategy for assisting migrants in the event of a crisis.
- Mali does not have a strategy for dealing with large movements related to climate change.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The National Migration Policy of Mali and its 2020–2024 Plan of Action include measures for the reintegration of returning Malians.
- The National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons aims to protect and assist victims and promote coordination and cooperation in the fight against trafficking in persons.
Areas with potential for further development
- Border agents and staff do not benefit from regular trainings on migration issues.
- There are no provisions for the search for or identification of missing migrants on the national territory.
2021 September